Sorghum and Finger Millet Cultivation during the Aksumite Period: Insights from Ethnoarchaeological Modelling and Microbotanical Analysis

Cross-cultural models are a useful tool to generate hypotheses about the past using ethnographic data, especially when they can be validated against archaeological record. In this paper, we propose use of computer modelling techniques gain insights into agricultural history in northern Horn Africa two key staple crops, i.e. finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). To date, our understanding role these cereals economies region has been hindered by preservation issues limited number systematic archaeobotanical research programs. By building predictive that combine published literature environmental datasets on global level, systems Horn. The ability predict local practices area was tested ethnoarchaeological observations Gulo Makeda (Tigrai, Ethiopia). Archaeobotanical data from an site area, Ona Adi (ca. 750 BCE – CE 700), used assess model’s predictions applied According results, rainfed agriculture already place during Aksumite period 50 800) around main centres settlement articulation. These results supported phytolith assemblage Adi, which records presence water-stressed Chloridoideae Panicoideae grasses throughout occupation site.